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Li Ming
Jess, could you read the first page of my report before I send it to head office, because I've written it three times and it still sounds like a diary? It starts with we tested the new process in January and it went quite well, which is true but not very professional. Oliver said reports in London sound like nobody wrote them, and I can't decide if that's a compliment or a warning.
Jess,你能在我发给总部之前读读我报告的第一页吗?我已经写了三遍,读起来还是像日记。它的开头是「我们一月份测试了新流程,效果挺好」,这是事实,可不太专业。Oliver 说伦敦的报告读起来像是没人写的,我拿不准这是夸奖还是警告。
Jess
It's a bit of both, and the trick is to turn your verbs into nouns, so we tested becomes testing was carried out, or better still, the testing phase. Instead of it went quite well, give the result: following the introduction of shared reporting, the number of duplicated tests fell by a third. Head office reads dozens of these, so they want the finding first and the story second, if at all.
两者都有,诀窍是把动词变成名词,所以「我们测试了」变成「进行了测试」,或者更好,「测试阶段」。别写「效果挺好」,直接给结果:「在引入共享报告之后,重复测试的数量减少了三分之一。」总部要读几十份这样的报告,所以他们要先看结论,再看过程,如果还看的话。
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英语报告的写法:先结论,再过程
英语国家的职场报告,和很多中文报告的习惯不太一样。中文报告常常从背景和过程讲起,结论放在最后;英语的商务报告通常要求结论先行:最重要的发现和建议放在最前面,通常是一段摘要(executive summary),读者如果只读这一段,也能知道该做什么决定。正如 Jess 说的,总部要读几十份报告,他们要的是 the finding first and the story second。 报告的语言也有自己的特点。名词化让句子显得客观、正式;被动语态和 It was found that… 让发现不依赖于「我们觉得」;数字比形容词更有说服力,所以 quite well 不如 fell by a third。但正式不等于晦涩:太多名词堆在一起,读者会失去耐心,所以好的报告会在名词化和主动句之间找到平衡,尤其是建议部分,要写得清楚、直接、可执行。 几个实用的格式习惯:建议单独成节,并且编号;每个论断都有数据或出处;图表要有标题和来源;结尾可以有致谢(acknowledgements),点名感谢提供帮助的同事。最后这一点不是必须的,但在英语职场里,它常常比报告本身更让人记住你。 对中文母语者来说,写英语报告最常见的问题,一是把中文的「过程叙述」直接翻译过来,二是用太多 very、quite、a lot 这样模糊的词。先写结论,用数字代替形容词,就已经解决了一大半。