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Empty houses, absent heirs
Tomás's three houses are the empty-housing problem of rural Spain in miniature. Spain has millions of homes that are not anyone's main residence, and a large share are in small municipalities in the interior. Many are not abandoned in the legal sense at all. They belong to people who left the village for Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao or Valencia in the great migrations of the 1950s, 60s and 70s, and to their children and grandchildren, who inherited them. They are used for a few weeks in summer, during the village fiestas, or not at all. Some have passed through several inheritances and now belong to a dozen cousins, which makes any decision about them, to sell, rent or repair, very hard to take. The reasons owners give for neither selling nor renting are the ones Tomás gives. Selling feels like cutting the family's last tie to the place, because the house is where the abuela lived and where the summers were spent. Renting feels risky: stories of houses left damaged by tenants circulate in every village, and owners who live hundreds of kilometers away cannot check. So the house stays shut, the roof slowly fails, and the village loses a home that a new family might have used. The programs Alex mentions exist in various forms across Spain. A town council, or sometimes a provincial or regional body, acts as intermediary: it guarantees the rent, insures against damage, may pay for repairs, and selects tenants. In exchange the owner commits the house for a number of years at a moderate rent. The trust that makes it work is local and personal, which is why Tomás says that if the mayor signs, his children might agree.