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Wordplay, and why it is the translator's hardest test
Puns depend on accidents — two words that happen to look or sound alike in one language — and those accidents almost never repeat in another. Translators therefore have three choices: find a different pun in the target language that does similar work, keep the meaning and lose the joke, or compensate by adding wordplay elsewhere in the text where the target language allows it. Most literary translators move between all three, and many would agree with Nadia that a good pun is worth the effort. Italian makes a lot of wordplay possible through its productive prefixes and suffixes. The prefix s- can reverse a word (contento → scontento, montare → smontare); ri- repeats; -ezza and -ità make abstract nouns; -mente makes adverbs. Native speakers coin and recognize such forms constantly, which is why a one-letter change like sposato / spostato can carry a whole character's situation. The aperitivo itself — a drink and something to eat in the early evening, often a spritz in the north — is a social institution in Bologna as in most Italian cities, and Via del Pratello is one of the city's best-known streets for it.