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転勤 — the posting you do not apply for
In a traditional Japanese company the employer decides where you work, and the employment contract says so: you are hired by the company, not into a job in a place. A 転勤 can come every three to five years, arrive as a 内示 six weeks before it takes effect, and move a family across the country. The compensation is security — the same contract is why the company is slow to make anyone redundant — and the cost falls hardest on households with two careers and school-age children, which is why 単身赴任, one parent living alone in another city for years, remains common enough to have its own word. Younger employees increasingly negotiate or decline, and some firms now advertise 転勤なし as a benefit, which would have been unthinkable in 1990.