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過労, and the law that put a number on it
Japanese has a word for death from overwork — 過労死 — which has been in dictionaries since the 1980s and in court judgments since the 1990s. The threshold the courts came to use is 80 hours of overtime a month, averaged over several months, and in 2019 the 働き方改革 legislation finally made a cap enforceable: 45 hours a month and 360 a year in normal circumstances, with penalties for employers who exceed it. The reforms changed the paperwork more than the culture. Hours are logged, people leave the building, and some of the work follows them home, which is the modern shape of サービス残業 — the overtime that is not recorded because recording it would be illegal.