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Almost nobody buys a paper ticket. An IC card — Suica, Pasmo and their regional cousins — is tapped at the gate, works on trains, buses and in convenience stores nationwide, and tops up at any machine. The other thing to notice is sound. Each station has its own 発車メロディ, a short tune played as a train leaves, different on each platform, and commuters use them to judge whether to run. Between melodies, chimes and announcements, a Japanese station is a soundscape.