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Triestine, and the problem of dialect in translation
Triestine (il triestino) is a Venetian-based dialect that, for much of the city's history, was spoken across classes: by merchants and dockworkers, doctors and fishmongers. Under Austria it served as the everyday common language of a multilingual port, alongside German, Slovene and others; standard Italian was more often written, or kept for formal occasions. It is still widely heard today. A few words visitors meet quickly are «muli» (boys, young people), «cocal» (a seagull, and by extension a fool) and «xe» (is) — quoted here in « », because this course quotes dialect rather than teaching it. Dialect is one of the oldest problems in literary translation, and there is no agreed solution. Replacing it with a regional dialect of the target language relocates the characters — Triestine sailors who sound like dockers from Glasgow are no longer in Trieste. Spelling out a nonstandard pronunciation with dropped letters and apostrophes tends to look comic or condescending. Many translators instead keep a few untranslatable words and suggest the dialect through rhythm, word order and register, trusting the reader, exactly as Ada and Alex agree to do here. Translators and publishers also disagree about glossaries and footnotes. Some readers welcome them; many translators, like Ada, feel that a novel should be read rather than studied, and that a word clear from its context needs no apparatus.