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East and West Since Reunification
More than three decades after reunification on October 3, 1990, Germany is in many ways one country, and for most younger people the old border plays little role in daily life. Yet differences remain and are regularly measured. On average, wages and pensions are still lower in the eastern states, and less wealth has been passed down through families, partly because private property and savings were limited in the GDR and many businesses closed after 1990, when unemployment rose sharply. East Germans are also underrepresented in leading positions in business, the courts, the media and universities compared with their share of the population, a subject of public debate and official reports. Explanations differ: some point to networks that grew in the West over decades, some to the time needed for a new generation to rise, and some to the experience of rapid change and disappointment after the Wende. There is no single accepted answer. In other respects, the former East has its own traditions: childcare for young children and full-time work for mothers are more common there than in many western regions. Cities such as Leipzig and Dresden have grown and attract young people from all over the country. Symbols of the East, such as the Ampelmännchen pedestrian lights, have become popular across Berlin.