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The DALF C1
The DALF, Diplôme approfondi de langue française, is the official French Ministry of Education diploma for advanced learners, at levels C1 and C2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. It is managed by France Éducation international and offered in exam centers around the world. The diploma does not expire, and it is often used for admission to French universities, which usually require at least B2. The C1 exam tests four skills, each scored out of 25: listening, reading, writing and speaking, with a total out of 100, a pass mark of 50 and a minimum score in each skill. Candidates choose between two domains, the humanities and social sciences or the sciences. The written paper asks for a synthesis of several documents followed by an argued essay. The oral is the part this lesson rehearses. After an hour of preparation on a file of documents, candidates give a presentation of their own analysis, with a research question and a plan, then discuss it with the examiners, who are expected to question, challenge and ask for examples. What is assessed is the ability to build and defend a nuanced position, which is very much what an academic year in French trains.