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Titles in translation
The title of a translated novel is rarely a literal translation of the original. Publishers treat it as a commercial decision, and in most contracts the final word on the title belongs to the publisher of the translation, not to the author or the translator. Elena Ferrante's «L'amica geniale» became «My Brilliant Friend» in English; Italo Calvino's «Il barone rampante» became «The Baron in the Trees»; Natalia Ginzburg's «Lessico famigliare» has appeared in English both as «The Things We Used to Say» and as «Family Lexicon». Marketing departments often prefer titles with a person in them — a daughter, a wife, a friend — because they are easy to picture and easy to remember. Authors and translators tend to defend titles that keep the original's ambiguity. The argument usually ends in a negotiation, and a united front from author, editor and translator is one of the few arguments that can move it. The grammar of this conversation is the grammar of comparison: più di quanto + congiuntivo, tanto … quanto, più X che Y, sempre più, and the superlative followed by the congiuntivo. Every side of a negotiation is, in the end, a comparison.