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The Comédie-Française and Classical Theater
The Comédie-Française, founded in 1680 by order of Louis XIV, is the oldest active theater company in the world, with a permanent troupe of actors. It is often called la Maison de Molière, after the playwright whose company it partly grew out of, and its main hall, the Salle Richelieu, is next to the Palais-Royal in central Paris. Its repertoire ranges from classical to contemporary plays, and it traditionally keeps some very inexpensive seats with limited views, a way for students and the curious to see the classics. Pierre Corneille's Le Cid, first performed in 1637, is one of the founding works of French classical theater. Its hero, Rodrigue, must avenge his father's honor by fighting the father of the woman he loves, Chimène, and the expression dilemme cornélien, a Cornelian dilemma, now means any painful choice between love and duty. Several of its lines are among the best-known in French, including Rodrigue, as-tu du cœur ?, À vaincre sans péril, on triomphe sans gloire, and Chimène's understatement, Va, je ne te hais point. The play is written in alexandrines, rhyming twelve-syllable lines divided by a caesura, the standard meter of French classical tragedy. Hearing them performed is the best way to understand how they work.